Wednesday, January 1, 2014

Team Game Tournament (TGT)

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Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) is one of the team learning strategies designed by Johns Hopkins which is developed by David Devries and Keith Edwards. Slavin has found that TGT increased basic skills, students’ achievement, positive interactions between students, acceptance of  mainstreamed classmates and self-esteem.

A.        Component of TGT

a.      Class presentation
In the early of lesson, teachers demonstrate or introduce the lesson which is the base and important to sustainability of the process of study. The teacher can introduces it orally or uses audiovisual presentation. The teacher presentration must be focused to the material which is planned to master by student by using TGT. By this way, students will aware that they must be take attention to student explanation because the information is usefull for helping them to solve the given task or problem.

b.      Team
Each team contain 4-5 students which is representate all of part of the class in the term of academics achievement, sex, ras and etnic.

c.       Game
Game contain relevan questions which is designed to test students’ knowladge which they get from the study in teams

d.      Tournament
Tournament is a structure to run the game. It is usually held in the end of unit lesson after the teacher presentates the material and the students work in team.
e.      Team recognition
The eligible team will get a reward from the teacher.

B.        Phase
Phase
Description
Phase 1: Teacher’s  presentation
Teacher communicates learning objectives, subject matter and a brief explanation of worksheets  which will be distributed to groups.
Phase 2 : Deviding student’s into group

The teacher divides the students  into groups based on ability Criteria (achievement) of students, sex (gender), ethnics  and race.
Phase 3: Working group (Team study)

After receiving the worksheets from the teacher, students work together in groups, ,discussion, lab work or answer the questions on the worksheet.
Phase 4: Guidance group (scafolding)

Teacher guides the group, observes  psychomotor and attitude of student in team work.
Phase 5: Tournament
teacher explains the rules of the game and students do the game
Phase 6: Team recognition
After obtaining scores of each member in each group, each group recapitulate their group score


C.      Election of team’s member
Each teams consist of 4-5 members representing all parts of the class in terms of academic performance, gender, race and ethnic.

D.     Class setting

a.      Working Group
board

teacher desk



 


which:







b.      placement of students on the tournament desk


which:
From the scheme, it is seen clearly that TGT is heterogenous in team but homogenous in tournament. When tournament is held in the class, the desks of tournament is potitioned in the middle of class. Let the student to reorganize their chair and desk which is initially desaigned for study in a group to design of tournament. The flexibility here is very important.

A.     Task Form
·         Teams work in group through problems/question on worksheets.
·         Teams play academic games against each other for points.
·         Student must answer the question in tournament to win it.

B.      Scoring





Scoring is done for all the tournament tables using Table 1





Each player will take back 2 to 6 points to their Study Team. Study Team points are totalled. And then the total point is devided by the amount of students in the team. The result of this point is the team point. The range of team point is in table 2:


A.     Team Achievement Recognition
          three levels of awards are given based on the average score of the team as in table 2. Teacher can give certificate to the team which eligible. Beside certificate, teacher can show the most succes team on the school weekly bulletin. Whatever teacher do to praise their achievment, it’s very important to communicate that their team succes (not only individually succes) because this is what will motivated student to help their friends in team to learn. 
B.      Procedure
            In the content above, we have known about the basic way to hold TGT. To make it success, we must know clearly about the procedure of TGT which is written below:
1. Study teams
The students reinforce, review and study the material cooperatively in these teams.
Set-up: Heterogeneous Teams
a.      Generate a ranked class list of all students. 
The ranking should be academic, by marks.
b.      team size: 4 students
To make the teams, divide the total number of students by 4.
c.        Number students, beginning at the top.
Reverse the numbering the second time through.
e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,1,2,... etc.
This will generate academically heterogeneous teams of about equal ability. Balance the teams for sex, ethnicity, etc. while trying to maintain academic “equalness”
Purpose: Students may review using a specific format, a review sheet, informally, quizzing each other, etc.
            2. Tournament
            After the designated study time, the students then compete in the tournament.
            Set-up: Homogeneous (Tournament) Teams
a)                  Use the same ranked student list.
b)                  Form groups of 3 (alternate size is 4).
c)                   Cluster students by 3's, going down the ranked student list. This will result in        the 3 strongest students competing together, the 3 weakest together, etc.
            Format:
a)                  Have a deck of numbered cards (1 - 30) available for each tournament table.
b)                  Make up a worksheet of 30 numbered questions.
c)                   Make up a numbered answer sheet.
d)                  Each team picks up an envelope/deck of cards, question sheet and answer sheet.
e)                  Students draw cards at each table. The highest number goes first.
f)                    The 1st student pulls a card from the envelope and reads out the number.
The 2nd student (with the question sheet) reads the question out loud.  The 1st student answers the question. The 3rd student (with the answer sheet) tells if the answer is correct. If correct, the 1st student keeps the card. If incorrect, the question (2nd) student may challenge answer. If they get the answer correct,  they may keep the card. If still incorrect, the card goes to a “discard” pile.
g)                  The game proceeds clockwise. After each question (whether correct or     incorrect) each student changes “jobs”. It continues until the time is up.

            3. BUMPING
                        The members of tournament tables can be bumped up or down.  Each winner moved to a higher-level table, the “loser” moves to an “easier” table.   This ensures that all students are playing with same-ability students and are winners about equally often.
                                    http://www.udel.edu/dssep/teaching_strategies/tgt_coop.htm






Tournament desk 1
Tournament desk 4
Tournament desk 3
Tournament desk 2
                       
TEAM A
                       
TEAM B
                       
TEAM C
 

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